\begin{frame}{Alternative Translations} We can translate the sentence: \begin{equation*} \sentence{Nobody is perfect.} \end{equation*} in two ways: \begin{talign} \mpause[1]{\sentence{There does not exist anybody who is perfect.} & :\;\;} \mpause{\formula{\lognot{\existsst{x}{\,\unpred{P}{x}}}}} \\ \mpause{\sentence{Everybody is not perfect.} & :\;\;} \mpause{\formula{\forallst{x}{\,\lognot{\unpred{P}{x}}}}} \end{talign} \updatepause These three English sentences have the same meaning. \bigskip The two formulas are \emph{logically equivalent}: \pause \begin{talign} \formula{\lognot{\existsst{x}{\,\unpred{P}{x}}}} \logequiv \formula{\forallst{x}{\,\lognot{\unpred{P}{x}}}} \end{talign} \pause{} It holds in general, for every formula $\aform\,$: \begin{talign} \formula{\lognot{\existsst{x}{\,\aform}}} \logequiv \formula{\forallst{x}{\,\lognot{\aform}}} \end{talign} \end{frame}